{"id":8928,"date":"2020-01-01T20:49:40","date_gmt":"2020-01-01T12:49:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.xxyyfy.com\/?p=8928"},"modified":"2020-01-01T20:49:40","modified_gmt":"2020-01-01T12:49:40","slug":"%e6%b2%99%e5%8d%9a%e7%90%86%e7%bf%bb%e8%af%91%e3%80%8a%e6%b0%b4%e6%b5%92%e4%bc%a0%e3%80%8b","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.xxyyfy.com\/?p=8928","title":{"rendered":"\u6c99\u535a\u7406\u7ffb\u8bd1\u300a\u6c34\u6d52\u4f20\u300b"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\n\u4e00\u3001\u60c5\u7cfb\u4e2d\u56fd\u8d64\u5b50\u5fc3
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\n     
\n\u6c99\u535a\u7406\uff08Sidney
\nShapiro,1915-2014\uff09\u81ea\u5c0f\u559c\u6b22\u5192\u9669\uff0c\u4e8c\u6218\u671f\u95f4\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u672c\u571f\u5f53\u8fc7\u9ad8\u5c04\u70ae\u5175\uff0c\u5bf9\u6218\u6597\u5c0f\u8bf4\u60c5\u6709\u72ec\u949f\u30021947\u5e743\u6708\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f4d\u6cd5\u5b66\u9662\u6bd5\u4e1a\u53c8\u5728\u4e09\u6240\u77e5\u540d\u5927\u5b66\u8fdb\u4fee\u8fc7\u6c49\u8bed\u768431\u5c81\u9000\u4f0d\u5175\uff0c\u8eab\u4e0a\u5e26\u7740\u4ec5\u5269200\u7f8e\u5143\u9000\u4f0d\u6d25\u8d34\uff0c\u4ece\u7ebd\u7ea6\u767b\u8239\uff0c\u8f97\u8f6c\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u6708\uff0c\u6765\u5230\u4e0a\u6d77\u8fd9\u5ea7\u964c\u751f\u7684\u4e1c\u65b9\u57ce\u5e02\u95ef\u8361\uff0c\u8db3\u89c1\u5176\u5192\u9669\u7cbe\u795e\u3002\u4e00\u5e74\u540e\u4e0e\u4e2d\u5171\u5730\u4e0b\u515a\u5458\u3001\u6f14\u5458\u3001\u5267\u4f5c\u5bb6\u51e4\u5b50\u7ed3\u5a5a\uff0c\u5c31\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5a5a\u623f\u5f53\u4f5c\u5730\u4e0b\u515a\u7684\u85cf\u8eab\u4e4b\u5904\uff0c\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u529e\u516c\u7684\u5f8b\u5e08\u4e8b\u52a1\u6240\u5f53\u4f5c\u5730\u4e0b\u515a\u78b0\u5934\u5f00\u4f1a\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u7528\u6536\u97f3\u673a\u77ed\u6ce2\u6536\u542c\u89e3\u653e\u533a\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u3001\u9605\u8bfb\u79d8\u5bc6\u6587\u7ae0\u3001\u4e0e\u5730\u4e0b\u515a\u4ea4\u8c08\u3002\u4ed6\u751a\u81f3\u5229\u7528\u81ea\u5df1\u6bcd\u8bed\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u5e2e\u5b66\u751f\u7f16\u8f91\u4e00\u4efd\u4e3b\u5f20\u571f\u5730\u6539\u9769\u7684\u82f1\u6587\u6742\u5fd7\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u8eab\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u5374\u540c\u60c5\u4e2d\u56fd\u9769\u547d\u8fdb\u6b65\u7684\u6c99\u535a\u7406\uff0c\u4ee5\u5176\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u77ed\u6682\u7684\u201c\u5192\u9669\u201d\u9769\u547d\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u8d62\u5f97\u4e86\u4e0e\u59bb\u5b50\u4e00\u8d77\u53d7\u9080\u5750\u5728\u89c2\u793c\u53f0\u4eb2\u773c\u89c1\u8bc1\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u6b8a\u8363\uff1a\u201c\u5728\u90a3\u4eba\u6d77\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u80fd\u611f\u89c9\u5230\u6fc0\u52a8\u7684\u60c5\u7eea\u50cf\u7535\u6d41\u4e00\u6837\u4f20\u904d\u5168\u8eab\u201d\u3002\n<\/p>\n

\n\t     
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\n\t     
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\nYang\uff09\u7ffb\u8bd1\u300a\u7ea2\u697c\u68a6\u300b\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u6c49\u5b66\u5bb6\u7f57\u7a46\u58eb\uff08Robert Moses\uff09\u642d\u914d\u4efb\u5bb6\u796f\u7ffb\u8bd1\u300a\u4e09\u56fd\u6f14\u4e49\u300b\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u6c49\u5b66\u5bb6\u8a79\u7eb3\u5c14\uff08Francis
\nJenner\uff09\u7ffb\u8bd1\u300a\u897f\u6e38\u8bb0\u300b\u7684\u642d\u914d\u662f\u6c64\u535a\u6587\u3002\u9762\u5bf9\u8ba9\u4ed6\u7ffb\u8bd1\u300a\u6c34\u6d52\u4f20\u300b\u7684\u63d0\u8bae\uff0c\u6c99\u535a\u7406\u6b23\u7136\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u4e0e\u6c99\u535a\u7406\u642d\u6863\u7684\u662f\u6c64\u535a\u6587\u548c\u53f6\u541b\u5065\u3002\u6c99\u535a\u7406\u66fe\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u51e1\u662f\u6211\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u6211\u90fd\u559c\u6b22\u3002\u201d\u4ed6\u5bf9\u4e8e\u300a\u6c34\u6d52\u4f20\u300b\u7684\u559c\u7231\uff0c\u80af\u5b9a\u4e5f\u8574\u542b\u4e86\u5bf9\u6562\u4e8e\u6597\u4e89\u7684\u6b66\u4fa0\u7cbe\u795e\u7684\u8d5e\u7f8e\u3002\u6709\u9886\u5bfc\u66fe\u7ecf\u95ee\u6c99\u535a\u7406\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5b66\u4e2d\u4ed6\u6700\u559c\u6b22\u8c01\uff0c\u201c\u4ed6\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e0d\u5047\u601d\u7d22\u5730\u8bf4\u559c\u6b22\u6b66\u4fa0\u5c0f\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6b66\u4fa0\u5c31\u662f\u8def\u89c1\u4e0d\u5e73\u3001\u62d4\u5200\u76f8\u52a9\u3002\u201d\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u8840\u6027\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u5bf9\u6b66\u4fa0\u7684\u949f\u7231\uff0c\u662f\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e0d\u4e86\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u3002\u6c99\u535a\u7406\u540e\u6765\u56de\u5fc6\u9053\uff0c\u300a\u6c34\u6d52\u4f20\u300b\u662f\u6211\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6587\u5b66\u8bd1\u8005\u505a\u5b8c\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u672c\u4e66\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7ec6\u5fc3\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u300a\u6c34\u6d52\u4f20\u300b\u4e24\u4f4d\u4f5c\u8005\u72af\u4e86\u4e0d\u5c11\u5931\u771f\u7684\u7b14\u8bef\uff0c\u201c14\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u670d\u88c5\u3001\u6b66\u5668\u3001\u5b98\u5e9c\u673a\u6784\u653e\u5728\u4e8612\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u91cc\uff1b\u6709\u4e9b\u65f6\u95f4\u987a\u5e8f\u548c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5730\u70b9\u641e\u9519\u4e86\uff1b\u4e24\u4f4d\u4f5c\u8005\u5e38\u5e38\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6c5f\u6d59\u65b9\u8a00\u5b89\u5728\u5c71\u4e1c\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u5634\u4e0a\u2026\u2026\u8fd9\u5012\u7b97\u4e0d\u5f97\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u9047\u5230\u7231\u6311\u5254\u7684\u5b66\u8005\uff0c\u6bd5\u7adf\u8fd9\u90e8\u5c0f\u8bf4\u60c5\u8282\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u6784\u601d\u5de7\u5999\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u51fa\u573a\u4eba\u7269\u9635\u5bb9\u5e9e\u5927\uff0c\u4f46\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u79c9\u6027\u5404\u5f02\uff0c\u4e2a\u6027\u9c9c\u660e\uff0c\u60df\u5999\u60df\u8096\u3002\u201d
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\n\u4e8c\u3001\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5386\u8270\u8f9b
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\n\u636e\u548c\u6c99\u535a\u7406\u5171\u4e8b\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u5916\u6587\u5c40\u524d\u526f\u5c40\u957f\u3001\u603b\u7f16\u8f91\u9ec4\u53cb\u4e49\u8bf4\uff0c\u56db\u5927\u540d\u8457\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u6c99\u535a\u7406\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7684\u300a\u6c34\u6d52\u4f20\u300b\u5230\u51fa\u7248\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u6539\u52a8\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bcd\uff0c\u201c\u575a\u6301\u6c99\u8001\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6587\u5b57\u3002\u201d\u4ed6\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6c99\u535a\u7406\u7684\u7528\u8bcd\u5341\u5206\u63a8\u5d07\uff0c\u201c108\u5c06\u7684\u540d\u5b57\uff0c\u4e00\u4e08\u9752\u3001\u6d6a\u91cc\u767d\u6761\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u4e00\u770b\u5c31\u61c2\uff0c\u4f46\u6587\u5316\u5dee\u5f02\u592a\u5927\uff0c\u8981\u7ffb\u597d\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\u5c0f\u8bcd\u7684\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6c99\u535a\u7406\u7684\u5f3a\u9879\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u559d\u8336\uff0c\u662f\u62bf\u4e00\u53e3\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u559d\u4e86\u4e00\u5927\u53e3\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c0f\u8bcd\u624d\u80fd\u4f53\u73b0\u51fa\u4eba\u7269\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u3001\u6027\u683c\u7279\u70b9\u3002\u201d\u201c\u7ae0\u56de\u4f53\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7ecf\u5e38\u5728\u4e00\u7ae0\u7684\u5f00\u5934\u6216\u7ed3\u5c3e\uff0c\u7528\u51e0\u53e5\u8bd7\u9ad8\u5ea6\u603b\u7ed3\u6d53\u7f29\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ae0\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u51e0\u767e\u5e74\u6765\u8bc4\u4e66\u6f14\u53d8\u800c\u6765\u7684\u3002\u6c99\u535a\u7406\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6ca1\u5fc5\u8981\uff0c\u8981\u5220\u6389\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u5bf9\u6b64\u6709\u4e89\u8bba\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff0c\u51e0\u767e\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u8bf4\u4e66\u4eba\u8bb2\u5f97\u5f88\u597d\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u542c\u4f17\uff1b\u4f46\u5916\u6587\u8bfb\u8005\u90fd\u662f\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u6c34\u5e73\u5f88\u597d\uff0c\u6bcf\u7ae0\u518d\u7528\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u8bf4\u4e00\u904d\uff0c\u5927\u767d\u8bdd\uff0c\u6ca1\u5fc5\u8981\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u771f\u7684\u5220\u6389\u4e86\u3002\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u90a3\u4e2a\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ffb\u8bd1\u591a\u5c11\u5e26\u4e86\u4e9b\u653f\u6cbb\u8272\u5f69\uff0c\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u8fd9\u662f\u7ecf\u5178\u540d\u8457\uff0c\u6562\u4e8e\u8fd9\u6837\u5220\u6539\uff0c\u771f\u662f\u6709\u9b44\u529b\uff01\u201d\n<\/p>\n

\n\t     
\n\u201c\u628a\u5496\u5561\u8c46\u78e8\u597d\uff0c\u716e\u597d\u4e86\u518d\u7aef\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u201d\u628a\u4e2d\u6587\u7684\u539f\u610f\u5403\u900f\u518d\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u5730\u9053\u7684\u82f1\u6587\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u5b57\u9762\u4e0a\u7684\u4e25\u683c\u5bf9\u5e94\uff0c\u662f\u4f20\u8fbe\u539f\u6587\u7684\u201c\u795e\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u539f\u6587\u7684\u201c\u5f62\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u5916\u6587\u5c40\u4e00\u8d2f\u575a\u6301\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7406\u5ff5\u3002\u9ec4\u53cb\u4e49\u5f88\u6b23\u8d4f\u6c99\u535a\u7406\u80fd\u4ece\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u8003\u8651\u7ffb\u8bd1\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8003\u8651\u5916\u56fd\u8bfb\u8005\u7684\u9700\u8981\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6c99\u535a\u7406\u8eab\u4e0a\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5bb6\u3001\u51fa\u7248\u5bb6\u548c\u4f5c\u5bb6\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u89d2\u8272\u3002\n<\/p>\n

\n\t     
\n\u6c99\u535a\u7406\u70ed\u7231\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u70ed\u60c5\u6295\u5165\u3001\u8f9b\u52e4\u4ed8\u51fa\u3001\u4f0f\u6848\u6572\u5b57\uff0c\u4e00\u5e72\u5c31\u662f\u5341\u591a\u5e74\uff01\u56e0\u4e3a\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6b63\u503c\u201c\u6587\u9769\u201d\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u6c99\u535a\u7406\u540e\u6765\u66fe\u8bf4\u662f\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8fd9\u672c\u5c0f\u8bf4\u624d\u201c\u6551\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u201d\u3002\u66fe\u6709\u4e00\u5ea6\uff0c\u51e4\u5b50\u88ab\u9001\u5230\u201c\u4e94\u4e03\u201d\u5e72\u6821\uff1b\u5973\u513f\u4e9a\u7f8e\u5728\u901a\u53bf\u9020\u7eb8\u5382\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5bb6\u91cc\u5bb6\u5916\u53ea\u6709\u6c99\u535a\u7406\u4e00\u4eba\uff0c\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6c34\u6cca\u82f1\u96c4\u4eec\u966a\u4ed6\u8d70\u8fc7\u4e86\u90a3\u4e9b\u65e5\u5b50\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u5bf9\u6c99\u535a\u7406\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bd1\u672c\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u592a\u591a\u3002\u6c99\u535a\u7406\u52a8\u60c5\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u6211\u611f\u5230\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u540d\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5b66\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\uff0c\u518d\u4e5f\u6311\u9009\u4e0d\u51fa\u6bd4\u8fd9\u90e8\u5c0f\u8bf4\u66f4\u68d2\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u6765\u4f5c\u6211\u7684\u2018\u5929\u9e45\u7edd\u5531\u2019\u4e86\uff01\u201d
\n 
\n\u4e09\u3001\u4e66\u540d\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6597\u667a\u52c7
\n 
\n     
\n\u300a\u6c34\u6d52\u4f20\u300b\u539f\u8457\u5e95\u672c\u4f17\u591a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u4e3a\u6c99\u535a\u7406\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5e26\u6765\u4e0d\u5c0f\u7684\u56f0\u96be\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u628a\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e73\u5987\u7686\u77e5\u7684\u6c34\u6d52\u6545\u4e8b\u5b8c\u6574\u5730\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7ed9\u5916\u56fd\u8bfb\u8005\uff0c\u6c99\u535a\u7406\u9009\u5b9a100\u56de\u672c\u5f00\u59cb\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff0c\u524d70\u56de\u7528\u91d1\u5723\u53f9\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u540e30\u56de\u5219\u7528\u5bb9\u4e0e\u5802\u7248\u672c\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u5feb\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5b8c\u7b2c54\u56de\u65f6\uff0c\u9047\u5230\u4e86\u6765\u81ea\u201c\u56db\u4eba\u5e2e\u201d\u7684\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u6c99\u535a\u7406\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u7528\u4e86\u597d\u51e0\u4e2a\u6708\u65f6\u95f4\u5c06\u7ffb\u8bd1\u597d\u7684\u7a3f\u5b50\uff0c\u4ece\u5934\u5230\u5c3e\u7167\u7740\u5bb9\u4e0e\u5802\u7248\u672c\u91cd\u65b0\u6539\u8ba2\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u5230\u7b2c70\u56de\u3002\u6c99\u535a\u7406\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u642d\u6863\u6c64\u535a\u6587\u3001\u53f6\u541b\u5065\u5bf9\u7981\u7528\u91d1\u5723\u53f9\u7248\u672c\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u90fd\u6301\u53cd\u5bf9\u610f\u89c1\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b66\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u91d1\u5723\u53f9\u7248\u672c\u5728\u6587\u5b66\u8d28\u91cf\u4e0a\u8981\u6bd4\u5bb9\u4e0e\u5802\u7248\u672c\u80dc\u51fa\u4e00\u7b79\u3002\u52301976\u5e74\u201c\u56db\u4eba\u5e2e\u201d\u88ab\u7c89\u788e\u540e\uff0c\u7ecf\u8bf4\u670d\u7f16\u8f91\u624d\u8ba9\u6c99\u535a\u7406\u6309\u539f\u8ba2\u8ba1\u5212\u7ffb\u8bd1\u524d70\u56de\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6c99\u535a\u7406\u8981\u628a\u8bd1\u7a3f\u4ece\u5934\u81f3\u5c3e\u518d\u6539\u4e0a\u4e00\u904d\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4e0e\u91d1\u5723\u53f9\u7248\u672c\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u79cd\u989d\u5916\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u53c8\u8981\u803d\u8bef\u4e0d\u5c11\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u4f46\u6c99\u535a\u7406\u89c9\u5f97\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u8bc1\u8bd1\u672c\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u8d28\u91cf\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u662f\u503c\u5f97\u7684\u3002\n<\/p>\n

\n\t     
\n\u8fd8\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u7ffb\u8bd1\u300a\u6c34\u6d52\u4f20\u300b\u662f\u5728\u201c\u6587\u9769\u201d\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u6c99\u535a\u7406\u5377\u5165\u4e86\u4e0e\u201c\u56db\u4eba\u5e2e\u201d\u7684\u6597\u4e89\u3002\u6309\u7167\u6c99\u535a\u7406\u5bf9\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u201c\u6c34\u6d52\u4f20\u201d\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u8bd1\u4e3aMarsh
\nChronicles\uff08\u6c34\u6d52\u7eaa\u4e8b\uff09\uff0c\u4e66\u540d\u5e94\u5f53\u5438\u5f15\u8bfb\u8005\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3aHeroes of the
\nMarsh\uff08\u8349\u83bd\u82f1\u96c4\uff09\u3002\u6c5f\u9752\u542c\u95fb\u540e\u8bf4\uff0c\u8d77\u4e49\u519b\u7684\u9996\u9886\u5b8b\u6c5f\u5c31\u662f\u4e2a\u201c\u53db\u5f92\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u5949\u4e86\u7687\u5e1d\u8bcf\u4ee4\u7387\u9886\u90e8\u4e0b\u6d88\u706d\u4e86\u4ece\u4e1c\u5317\u8fdb\u72af\u4e2d\u539f\u7684\u8fbd\u9791\u977c\u3002\u8fd9\u6bb5\u60c5\u8282\u5728\u5c0f\u8bf4\u6700\u540e\u51e0\u56de\u91cc\u3002\u6c5f\u9752\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u82f1\u96c4\u662f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u963b\u62e6\u9791\u977c\u4eba\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u53cd\u7684\u662f\u53cd\u52a8\u5c01\u5efa\u738b\u671d\u3002\u6c99\u535a\u7406\u5219\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u5b8b\u6c5f\u4e3a\u9996\u7684\u8d77\u4e49\u519b\u5bf9\u7687\u5e1d\u5fe0\u8bda\u4e0d\u4e8c\uff0c\u58f0\u79f0\u7687\u5e1d\u53d7\u5230\u5978\u81e3\u8499\u853d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u540c\u5978\u81e3\u6d3e\u6765\u9547\u538b\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5b98\u5175\u6253\u4ed7\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u552f\u4e00\u76ee\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u5f97\u5230\u7687\u5e1d\u7684\u8bcf\u5b89\uff0c\u7687\u5e1d\u6700\u7ec8\u4e5f\u7ed9\u4e88\u8d66\u514d\u3002\u88ab\u8bcf\u5b89\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u624d\u53bb\u6253\u5a01\u80c1\u5b8b\u738b\u671d\u7684\u8fbd\u9791\u977c\u3002\u6c99\u535a\u7406\u89c9\u5f97\u81ea\u5df1\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u60f3\u7ed9\u8fd9\u4f4d\u201c\u8d85\u7ea7\u9769\u547d\u7684\u201d\u6fc0\u8fdb\u6d3e\u5973\u7687\u4e0a\u4e00\u5802\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u8bfe\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u6709\u4e86\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u5bf9\u8bdd\uff1a\n<\/p>\n

\n\t     
\n\u201c\u60a8\u4e0d\u559c\u6b22\u2018heroes\u2019\uff0c\u6539\u6210\u2018outlaws\u2019\u600e\u4e48\u6837\uff1f\u201d\u6211\u9a73\u95ee\u6c5f\u9752\u6d3e\u6765\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u201c\u5c31\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u65e0\u5929\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u201d
\n      \u201c\u65e0\u6cd5\u65e0\u5929\u7684\u4eba\uff1f\u76d7\u532a\u90a3\u6837\u7684\uff1f\u201d
\n      \u201c\u4e0d\u9519\uff0c\u76d7\u532a\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u65e0\u5929\u7684\u3002\u201d
\n      \u201c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u597d\u5427\u3002\u201d\n<\/p>\n

\n\t     
\n\u5c31\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u95ee\u9898\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u3002\u5e78\u597d\uff0c\u201c\u56db\u4eba\u5e2e\u201d\u7684\u82f1\u6587\u6c34\u5e73\u548c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u5b8b\u671d\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\u4e00\u6837\u5dee\u52b2\u513f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u201coutlaws\u201d\u5728\u82f1\u8bed\u60ef\u5e38\u7528\u6cd5\u91cc\u662f\u8912\u4e49\u8bcd\uff0c\u5176\u4e3b\u8981\u542b\u4e49\u662f\u6307\u90a3\u4e9b\u633a\u8eab\u800c\u51fa\u3001\u53cd\u6297\u5f53\u5c40\u6b8b\u9177\u8feb\u5bb3\u666e\u901a\u767e\u59d3\u7684\u6c11\u95f4\u82f1\u96c4\u3002\n<\/p>\n

\n\t     
\n\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u65e9\u57281959\u5e74\u6c99\u535a\u7406\u5c31\u8bd5\u8bd1\u4e86\u300a\u6c34\u6d52\u4f20\u300b\u7b2c\u4e03\u3001\u516b\u3001\u4e5d\u3001\u5341\u56de\uff0c1963\u5e74\u4ed6\u53c8\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e86\u300a\u6c34\u6d52\u4f20\u300b\u7b2c\u5341\u56db\u56de\u548c\u7b2c\u5341\u516d\u56de\uff0c\u5747\u520a\u767b\u4e8e\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5b66\u300b\u82f1\u6587\u7248Chinese
\nLiterature\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u91c7\u7528\u4e86Outlaws of the Marshes\u548cHeroes of the
\nMarshes\uff0c\u300a\u6c34\u6d52\u4f20\u300b\u5b8c\u6574\u7248\u8bd1\u672c\u4e66\u540d\u6700\u540e\u53c8\u56de\u5230\u4e86Outlaws of the
\nMarshes\u3002\u300a\u6c34\u6d52\u4f20\u300b\u82f1\u6587\u4e66\u540d\u7684\u66f4\u6539\uff0c\u786e\u5b9e\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u653f\u6cbb\u6c14\u5019\u548c\u56fd\u5185\u653f\u6cbb\u73b0\u5b9e\uff1a1959\u5e74\u91c7\u7528Outlaws\uff08\u4ea1\u547d\u4e4b\u5f92\u3001\u65e0\u6cd5\u65e0\u5929\u7684\u4eba\uff09\u6298\u5c04\u4e86\u5f53\u65f6\u56fd\u5185\u7684\u201c\u53cd\u53f3\u503e\u201d\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c1963\u5e74\u91c7\u7528Heroes\u5219\u8fce\u5408\u4e86\u5f53\u65f6\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u53cd\u5e1d\u7684\u9769\u547d\u70ed\u60c5\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6c99\u535a\u7406\u7ffb\u8bd1\u300a\u6c34\u6d52\u4f20\u300b\u4e66\u540d\uff0c1959\u5e74\u30011963\u5e74\u91c7\u7528\u590d\u6570\u7684Marshes\u800c\u201c\u6587\u9769\u201d\u671f\u95f4\u91c7\u7528\u5355\u6570Marsh\uff0c\u4e5f\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u6c99\u535a\u7406\u5bf9\u8fd9\u90e8\u9020\u53cd\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e3b\u9898\u548c\u5185\u5bb9\u628a\u63e1\u7684\u201c\u63d0\u5347\u201d\u3002\n<\/p>\n

\n\t     
\n\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u5bf9\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\u7684\u8bd1\u8005\uff0c\u6c99\u535a\u7406\u6562\u4e8e\u5bf9\u539f\u8457\u505a\u51fa\u5220\u6539\u3002\u7ae0\u56de\u4f53\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7ecf\u5e38\u5728\u4e00\u7ae0\u7684\u5f00\u5934\u6216\u7ed3\u5c3e\uff0c\u7528\u51e0\u53e5\u8bd7\u9ad8\u5ea6\u603b\u7ed3\u6d53\u7f29\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ae0\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u51e0\u767e\u5e74\u6765\u8bc4\u4e66\u6f14\u53d8\u800c\u6765\u7684\u3002\u6c99\u535a\u7406\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6ca1\u5fc5\u8981\uff0c\u8981\u5220\u6389\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u5bf9\u6b64\u6709\u4e89\u8bba\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff0c\u51e0\u767e\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u8bf4\u4e66\u4eba\u8bb2\u5f97\u5f88\u597d\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u542c\u4f17\uff1b\u4f46\u5916\u6587\u8bfb\u8005\u90fd\u662f\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u6c34\u5e73\u5f88\u597d\uff0c\u6bcf\u7ae0\u518d\u7528\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u8bf4\u4e00\u904d\uff0c\u5927\u767d\u8bdd\uff0c\u6ca1\u5fc5\u8981\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u771f\u7684\u5220\u6389\u4e86\u3002\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u90a3\u4e2a\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ffb\u8bd1\u591a\u5c11\u5e26\u4e86\u4e9b\u653f\u6cbb\u8272\u5f69\uff0c\u662f\u201c\u653f\u6cbb\u4efb\u52a1\u201d\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u8fd9\u662f\u7ecf\u5178\u540d\u8457\uff0c\u6562\u4e8e\u8fd9\u6837\u5220\u6539\uff0c\u771f\u662f\u6709\u9b44\u529b\uff01\n<\/p>\n

\n\t     
\n\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u540d\u804c\u4e1a\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5bb6\uff0c\u6c99\u535a\u7406\u79c9\u7740\u5bf9\u7ffb\u8bd1\u827a\u672f\u7684\u5fe0\u5b9e\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u8bfb\u8005\u7684\u5173\u7167\uff0c\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u5730\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u673a\u6784\u6027\u89c4\u7ea6\u95f4\u8fd0\u7528\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u6c99\u535a\u7406\u53c8\u81ea\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u7684\u5fe0\u5b9e\u4f20\u64ad\u8005\uff0c\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u5411\u897f\u65b9\u8bfb\u8005\u5851\u9020\u771f\u5b9e\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u5f62\u8c61\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u5185\u5bb9\u548c\u98ce\u683c\u7684\u518d\u73b0\u4e0a\u90fd\u7aed\u529b\u5fe0\u5b9e\u539f\u8457\u7684\u98ce\u8c8c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u4ed6\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7b56\u7565\u4ee5\u5f02\u5316\u4e3a\u4e3b\uff0c\u6700\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4fdd\u7559\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u3002
\n 
\n\u56db\u3001\u597d\u8bc4\u5982\u6f6e\u94f8\u82f1\u540d
\n     
\n\u6c99\u535a\u7406\u7684\u300a\u6c34\u6d52\u4f20\u300b\u82f1\u8bd1\u672c1980\u5e74\u7531\u5916\u6587\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u51fa\u7248\u65f6\u4e66\u540d\u4e3aOutlaws of the
\nMarsh\uff0c\u662f\u4e09\u5377\u672c\u7cbe\u88c5\u7248\uff0c\u5185\u63d2\u7cbe\u81f4\u7684\u660e\u671d\u4ee3\u6728\u7248\u753b\uff0c\u662f15\u4e16\u7eaa\u300a\u6c34\u6d52\u4f20\u300b\u7248\u672c\u91cc\u7684\u63d2\u56fe\u3002\u897f\u65b9\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bd1\u672c\u597d\u8bc4\u4e0d\u65ad\uff0c1981\u5e74\u7f8e\u56fd\u5370\u5730\u5b89\u90a3\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u63d0\u51fa\u7248\u6743\u7533\u8bf7\uff0c\u83b7\u51c6\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u51fa\u7248\u8be5\u8bd1\u672c\uff0c\u662f\u4e24\u5377\u672c\u7cbe\u88c5\u7248\uff0c\u6d41\u4f20\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u591a\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u201c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7248\u201d\u3002\n<\/p>\n

\n\t     
\n\u5341\u5206\u5de7\u5408\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6c99\u535a\u7406\u548c\u300a\u4e09\u56fd\u6f14\u4e49\u300b\u8bd1\u8005\u7f57\u7a46\u58eb\u90fd\u662f\u54e5\u4f26\u6bd4\u4e9a\u5927\u5b66\u4e2d\u6587\u7cfb\u4e3b\u4efb\u3001\u6c49\u5b66\u5bb6\u5085\u8def\u5fb7\uff08Carirington
\nGoodrich\uff09\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u30021981\u5e74\uff0c\u4e24\u4f4d\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5b66\u8d70\u8fdb\u82f1\u8bed\u4e16\u754c\u4f5c\u51fa\u8d21\u732e\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5bb6\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u89c1\u9762\u4e86\uff0c\u4fe9\u4eba\u4e00\u8def\u515c\u98ce\uff0c\u5f00\u6000\u53d9\u65e7\uff0c\u7545\u8c08\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff0c\u611f\u6168\u4eba\u751f\u3002\u7f57\u7a46\u58eb\u8fd8\u9a7e\u8f66\u5e26\u7740\u6c99\u535a\u7406\u4e00\u8d77\u62dc\u8bbf\u9000\u4f11\u5728\u5bb6\u7684\u6069\u5e08\uff0c\u5f53\u521d\u6b63\u662f\u6069\u5e08\u7ed9\u6c99\u535a\u7406\u63a8\u8350\u8fc7\u8fd9\u90e8\u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u5178\u540d\u8457\u3002\u505a\u8001\u5e08\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u8bc4\u4ef7\u5f1f\u5b50\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7684\u300a\u6c34\u6d52\u4f20\u300b\uff1a\u201c\u8fd9\u90e8\u5b09\u620f\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5145\u6ee1\u4e86\u77ed\u5175\u76f8\u63a5\u7684\u8089\u640f\u6218\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9996\u9886\u90fd\u63cf\u5199\u5f97\u76f8\u5f53\u597d\uff0c\u4e2a\u522b\u7684\u751a\u81f3\u5341\u5206\u51fa\u8272\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u4f1a\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5434\u7528\u662f\u4e2a\u80fd\u5e72\u7684\u6218\u7565\u5bb6\uff0c\u56e0\u4ed6\u7ecf\u5e38\u4e3a\u5b8b\u6c5f\u51fa\u8c0b\u5212\u7b56\uff0c\u674e\u9035\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9c81\u83bd\u7684\u6c49\u5b50\u7ecf\u5e38\u7ed9\u540c\u4f34\u627e\u51fa\u8bb8\u591a\u9ebb\u70e6\u6765\uff0c\u53ef\u4ed6\u4e5f\u540c\u6837\u5438\u5f15\u4eba\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u662f\u7c97\u4fd7\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u6c99\u535a\u7406\u5148\u751f\u4ecd\u65e7\u4fdd\u6301\u4e86\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e61\u571f\u6c14\u5473\u3002\u201d\u6c99\u535a\u7406\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u662f\u7ed9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8bd1\u672c\u6253\u4e86\u201c\u53ca\u683c\u201d\u5206\u3002\n<\/p>\n

\n\t      \u662f\u5e74\uff0c\u300a\u534e\u76db\u987f\u90ae\u62a5\u300b\u520a\u53d1\u4e86\u5176\u9996\u5e2d\u8bc4\u8bba\u5bb6\u7ea6\u745f\u592b\u2022\u9ea6\u514b\u83b1\u4f26\uff08Joseph
\nMcLellan\uff09\u5199\u7684\u300a\u6c34\u6d52\u4f20\u300b\u4e66\u8bc4\uff0c\u201c\u300a\u6c34\u6d52\u4f20\u300b\u662f\u4e00\u90e8\u793e\u4f1a\u53cd\u6297\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u548c\u7528\u53e4\u96c5\u7684\u53e4\u82f1\u8bed\u5199\u6210\u7684\u7f57\u5bbe\u6c49\u4f20\u5947\u633a\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u90e8\u7ecf\u5178\uff0c\u8bfb\u7f62\u6b64\u4e66\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u8bfb\u8005\u90fd\u4f1a\u8ba4\u5b9a\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u90e8\u6770\u4f5c\u3002\u201d\u5176\u4ed6\u8bc4\u8bba\u5bb6\u5bf9\u6c99\u535a\u7406\u8bd1\u672c\u540c\u6837\u8d5e\u4e0d\u7edd\u53e3\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u8fd8\u6beb\u4e0d\u5ba2\u6c14\u5730\u62ff\u6c99\u535a\u7406\u8bd1\u672c\u548c\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u8d5b\u73cd\u73e0\u8bd1\u672c\u52a0\u4ee5\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002\u8d5b\u73cd\u73e0\u8bd1\u672c\u53d6\u540dAll
\nMen Are Brothers\uff08\u56db\u6d77\u7686\u5144\u5f1f\uff09\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u4e13\u5bb6\u767d\u4e4b\uff08Cyril Birch\uff09\u5728\u300a\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\u5b63\u520a\u300b\u64b0\u6587\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\n<\/p>\n

\n\t      \u201c\u8d5b\u73cd\u73e0\u8bd1\u672cAll Men Are
\nBrothers\u628a\u300a\u6c34\u6d52\u4f20\u300b\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5448\u73b0\u7ed9\u4e86\u897f\u65b9\u8bfb\u8005\uff0c\u800c\u6c99\u535a\u7406\u7684\u8bd1\u672c\u4f53\u73b0\u51fa\u4e09\u91cd\u8fdb\u6b65\uff1a\u4ed6\u5a34\u719f\u638c\u63e1\u4e2d\u6587\uff0c\u5c31\u4f7f\u5f97\u4ed6\u7684\u8bd1\u6587\u66f4\u52a0\u51c6\u786e\uff1b\u4ed6\u76f4\u622a\u4e86\u5f53\u7684\u82f1\u6587\u8868\u8fbe\u6bd4\u8d5b\u73cd\u73e0\u7684\u4eff\u4e2d\u5f0f\u82f1\u8bed\u66f4\u4e3a\u4f18\u96c5\uff1b\u4ed6\u6839\u636e\u7684\u662f\u539f\u8457\u8f83\u65e9\u7684\u7248\u672c\u56e0\u800c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u66f4\u5b8c\u6574\u2026\u2026\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u90e8\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u7eff\u6797\u597d\u6c49\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u786e\u6709\u5176\u4eba\u5176\u4e8b\uff0c\u6b64\u4e43\u5148\u5929\u4f18\u52bf\u3002\u201d\n<\/p>\n

\n\t     
\n\u6c99\u535a\u7406\u4e13\u4e8b\u6c49\u82f1\u7ffb\u8bd1\u957f\u8fbe\u534a\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u5343\u4e07\u5b57\u7684\u8bd1\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff0c\u300a\u6c34\u6d52\u4f20\u300b\u82f1\u8bd1\u672c\u662f\u5dc5\u5cf0\u4e4b\u4f5c\u30022004\u5e74\uff0c\u300a\u6c34\u6d52\u4f20\u300b\u6c99\u535a\u7406\u8bd1\u672c5\u5377\u672c\u5165\u9009\u201c\u5927\u4e2d\u534e\u6587\u5e93\u201d\u6c49\u82f1\u5bf9\u7167\u9009\u672c\u3002\u6c99\u535a\u7406\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u5c31\u5f97\u5230\u516c\u8ba4\uff0c2010\u5e7412\u6708\u83b7\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6587\u5316\u7ec8\u8eab\u6210\u5c31\u5956\u201d\uff0c2011\u5e744\u6708\u83b7\u201c\u5f71\u54cd\u4e16\u754c\u534e\u4eba\u7ec8\u8eab\u6210\u5c31\u5956\u201d\u3002\u5982\u540c\u5176\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7684\u201c\u6881\u5c71\u82f1\u96c4\u201d\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u6c99\u535a\u7406\u88ab\u8a89\u4e3a\u201c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u82f1\u96c4\u201d\uff08Hero
\nof Translation\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u65e0\u6127\u4e8e\u6b64\u540d\uff01\n<\/p>\n

\n\t \n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u7ffb\u8bd1\u534f\u4f1a
\n\u65e5\u671f\uff1a2019\u5e7412\u670827\u65e5 \u4f5c\u8005\uff1a\u4efb\u4e1c\u5347\uff08\u4e2d\u56fd\u6d77\u6d0b\u5927\u5b66\u5916\u56fd\u8bed\u5b66\u9662\u6559\u6388\u3001\u535a\u58eb\u751f\u5bfc\u5e08\uff0c\u517c\u4efb\u526f\u9662\u957f\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5916\u6587\u5c40\u6c99\u535a\u7406\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e2d\u56fd\u6d77\u6d0b\u5927\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u57fa\u5730\u4e3b\u4efb\uff09\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u5fc3\u8bd1\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5de5\u4f5c\u5ba4<\/a>\n<\/p>\n

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