{"id":6887,"date":"2019-04-06T08:16:10","date_gmt":"2019-04-06T00:16:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.xxyyfy.com\/?p=6887"},"modified":"2019-04-06T08:20:52","modified_gmt":"2019-04-06T00:20:52","slug":"%e9%b2%81%e8%bf%85%ef%bc%9a%e3%80%8a%e5%91%90%e5%96%8a%e3%80%8b%e8%87%aa%e5%ba%8f1%e8%8b%b1%e8%af%91","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.xxyyfy.com\/?p=6887","title":{"rendered":"\u9c81\u8fc5\uff1a\u300a\u5450\u558a\u300b\u81ea\u5e8f1\u82f1\u8bd1"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n\t\u300a\u5450\u558a\u300b\u81ea\u5e8f<\/span>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

\n\tPreface to \u201cCall to Arms\u201d (December 3, 1922)\n<\/div>\n

<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n\t                                                                   \u6768\u5baa\u76ca&\u6234\u4e43\u8fed \u8bd1\n<\/div>\n

<\/span>\u6211\u5728\u5e74\u9752\u65f6\u5019\u4e5f\u66fe\u7ecf\u505a\u8fc7\u8bb8\u591a\u68a6\uff0c<\/span>
\nWhen I was young I, too, had many dreams.<\/span>
\n\u540e\u6765\u5927\u534a\u5fd8\u5374\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u81ea\u5df1\u4e5f\u5e76\u4e0d\u4ee5\u4e3a\u53ef\u60dc\u3002<\/span>
\nMost of them came to be forgotten, but I see nothing in this to regret.<\/span>
\n\u6240\u8c13\u56de\u5fc6\u8005\uff0c\u867d\u8bf4\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u4eba\u6b22\u6b23\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u4e5f\u4e0d\u514d\u4f7f\u4eba\u5bc2\u5bde\uff0c\u4f7f\u7cbe\u795e\u7684\u4e1d\u7f15\u8fd8\u7275\u7740\u5df1\u901d\u7684\u5bc2\u5bde\u7684\u65f6\u5149\uff0c\u53c8\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u610f\u5473\u5462\uff0c<\/span>
\nFor although recalling the past may make you happy, it may sometimes also make you lonely, and there is no point in clinging in spirit to lonely bygone days.<\/span>
\n\u800c\u6211\u504f\u82e6\u4e8e\u4e0d\u80fd\u5168\u5fd8\u5374\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0d\u80fd\u5168\u5fd8\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5230\u73b0\u5728\u4fbf\u6210\u4e86\u300a\u5450\u558a\u300b\u7684\u6765\u7531\u3002<\/span>
\nHowever, my trouble is that I cannot forget completely, and these stories have resulted from what I have been unable to erase from my memory.<\/span>
\n\u6211\u6709\u56db\u5e74\u591a\uff0c\u66fe\u7ecf\u5e38\u5e38\uff0c\u2014\u2014\u51e0\u4e4e\u662f\u6bcf\u5929\uff0c\u51fa\u5165\u4e8e\u8d28\u94fa\u548c\u836f\u5e97\u91cc\uff0c<\/span>
\nFor more than four years I used to go, almost daily, to a pawnbroker’s and to a medicine shop.<\/span>
\n\u5e74\u7eaa\u53ef\u662f\u5fd8\u5374\u4e86\uff0c\u603b\u4e4b\u662f\u836f\u5e97\u7684\u67dc\u53f0\u6b63\u548c\u6211\u4e00\u6837\u9ad8\uff0c\u8d28\u94fa\u7684\u662f\u6bd4\u6211\u9ad8\u4e00\u500d\uff0c<\/span>
\nI cannot remember how old I was then; but the counter in the medicine shop was the same height as I, and that in the pawnbroker’s twice my height.<\/span>
\n\u6211\u4ece\u4e00\u500d\u9ad8\u7684\u67dc\u53f0\u5916\u9001\u4e0a\u8863\u670d\u6216\u9996\u9970\u53bb\uff0c\u5728\u4fae\u8511\u91cc\u63a5\u4e86\u94b1\uff0c\u518d\u5230\u4e00\u6837\u9ad8\u7684\u67dc\u53f0\u4e0a\u7ed9\u6211\u4e45\u75c5\u7684\u7236\u4eb2\u53bb\u4e70\u836f\u3002<\/span>
\nI used to hand clothes and trinkets up to the counter twice my height, take the money proffered with contempt, then go to the counter the same height as I to buy medicine for my father who had long been ill.<\/span>
\n\u56de\u5bb6\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u53c8\u987b\u5fd9\u522b\u7684\u4e8b\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f00\u65b9\u7684\u533b\u751f\u662f\u6700\u6709\u540d\u7684\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u6240\u7528\u7684\u836f\u5f15\u4e5f\u5947\u7279\uff1a\u51ac\u5929\u7684\u82a6\u6839\uff0c\u7ecf\u971c\u4e09\u5e74\u7684\u7518\u8517\uff0c\u87cb\u87c0\u8981\u539f\u5bf9\u7684\uff0c\u7ed3\u5b50\u7684\u5e73\u5730\u6728\uff0c\u2026\u2026\u591a\u4e0d\u662f\u5bb9\u6613\u529e\u5230\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002<\/span>
\nOn my return home I had other things to keep me busy, for since the physician who made out the prescriptions was very well-known, he used unusual drugs: aloe root dug up in winter, sugar-cane that had been three years exposed to frost, twin crickets, and ardisia . . . all of which were difficult to procure.<\/span>
\n\u7136\u800c\u6211\u7684\u7236\u4eb2\u7ec8\u4e8e\u65e5\u91cd\u4e00\u65e5\u7684\u4ea1\u6545\u4e86\u3002<\/span>
\nBut my father’s illness went from bad to worse until he died.<\/span>
\n\u6709\u8c01\u4ece\u5c0f\u5eb7\u4eba\u5bb6\u800c\u5760\u5165\u56f0\u987f\u7684\u4e48\uff0c\u6211\u4ee5\u4e3a\u5728\u8fd9\u9014\u8def\u4e2d\uff0c\u5927\u6982\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u89c1\u4e16\u4eba\u7684\u771f\u9762\u76ee\uff1b<\/span>
\nI believe those who sink from prosperity to poverty will probably come, in the process, to understand what the world is really like.<\/span>
\n\u6211\u8981\u5230N\u8fdbK\u5b66\u5802\u53bb\u4e86\uff0c\u4eff\u4f5b\u662f\u60f3\u8d70\u5f02\u8def\uff0c\u9003\u5f02\u5730\uff0c\u53bb\u5bfb\u6c42\u522b\u6837\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u3002<\/span>
\nI wanted to go to the K\u2014\u2014 school in N\u2014\u20141 perhaps because I was in search of a change of scene and faces.<\/span>
\n\u6211\u7684\u6bcd\u4eb2\u6ca1\u6709\u6cd5\uff0c\u529e\u4e86\u516b\u5143\u7684\u5ddd\u8d44\uff0c\u8bf4\u662f\u7531\u6211\u7684\u81ea\u4fbf\uff1b<\/span>
\nThere was nothing for my mother to do but to raise eight dollars for my traveling expenses, and say I might do as I pleased.<\/span>
\n\u7136\u800c\u4f0a\u54ed\u4e86\uff0c\u8fd9\u6b63\u662f\u60c5\u7406\u4e2d\u7684\u4e8b\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u90a3\u65f6\u8bfb\u4e66\u5e94\u8bd5\u662f\u6b63\u8def\uff0c<\/span>
\nThat she cried was only natural, for at that time the proper thing was to study the classics and take the official examinations.<\/span>
\n\u6240\u8c13\u5b66\u6d0b\u52a1\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0a\u4fbf\u4ee5\u4e3a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8d70\u6295\u65e0\u8def\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u53ea\u5f97\u5c06\u7075\u9b42\u5356\u7ed9\u9b3c\u5b50\uff0c\u8981\u52a0\u500d\u7684\u595a\u843d\u800c\u4e14\u6392\u65a5\u7684\uff0c<\/span>
\nAnyone who studied “foreign subjects” was looked down upon as a fellow good for nothing, who, out of desperation, was forced to sell his soul to foreign devils.<\/span>
\n\u800c\u51b5\u4f0a\u53c8\u770b\u4e0d\u89c1\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u513f\u5b50\u4e86\u3002<\/span>
\nBesides, she was sorry to part with me.<\/span>
\n\u7136\u800c\u6211\u4e5f\u987e\u4e0d\u5f97\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e8b\uff0c\u7ec8\u4e8e\u5230N\u53bb\u8fdb\u4e86K\u5b66\u5802\u4e86\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u5b66\u5802\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u624d\u77e5\u9053\u4e16\u4e0a\u8fd8\u6709\u6240\u8c13\u683c\u81f4\uff0c\u7b97\u5b66\uff0c\u5730\u7406\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u7ed8\u56fe\u548c\u4f53\u64cd\u3002<\/span>
\nBut in spite of that, I went to N\u2014\u2014 and entered the K\u2014\u2014 school; and it was there that I heard for the first time the names of such subjects as natural science, arithmetic, geography, history, drawing and physical training.<\/span>
\n\u751f\u7406\u5b66\u5e76\u4e0d\u6559\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u5374\u770b\u5230\u4e9b\u6728\u7248\u7684\u300a\u5168\u4f53\u65b0\u8bba\u300b\u548c\u300a\u5316\u5b66\u536b\u751f\u8bba\u300b\u4e4b\u7c7b\u4e86\u3002<\/span>
\nThey had no physiology course, but we saw woodblock editions of such works as A New Course on the Human Body and Essays on Chemistry and Hygiene.<\/span>
\n\u6211\u8fd8\u8bb0\u5f97\u5148\u524d\u7684\u533b\u751f\u7684\u8bae\u8bba\u548c\u65b9\u836f\uff0c\u548c\u73b0\u5728\u6240\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u4fbf\u6e10\u6e10\u7684\u609f\u5f97\u4e2d\u533b\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6709\u610f\u7684\u6216\u65e0\u610f\u7684\u9a97\u5b50\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u53c8\u5f88\u8d77\u4e86\u5bf9\u4e8e\u88ab\u9a97\u7684\u75c5\u4eba\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u5bb6\u65cf\u7684\u540c\u60c5\uff1b<\/span>
\nRecalling the talk and prescriptions of physicians I had known and comparing them with what I now knew, I came to the conclusion those physicians must be either unwitting or deliberate charlatans; and I began to sympathize with the invalids and families who suffered at their hands.<\/span>
\n\u800c\u4e14\u4ece\u8bd1\u51fa\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\uff0c\u53c8\u77e5\u9053\u4e86\u65e5\u672c\u7ef4\u65b0\u662f\u5927\u534a\u53d1\u7aef\u4e8e\u897f\u65b9\u533b\u5b66\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002<\/span>
\nFrom translated histories I also learned that the Japanese Reformation had originated, to a great extent, with the introduction of Western medical science to Japan.<\/span>
\n\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e7c\u7a1a\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u4fbf\u4f7f\u6211\u7684\u5b66\u7c4d\u5217\u5728\u65e5\u672c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e61\u95f4\u7684\u533b\u5b66\u4e13\u95e8\u5b66\u6821\u91cc\u4e86\u3002<\/span>
\nThese inklings took me to a provincial medical college in Japan.<\/span>
\n\u6211\u7684\u68a6\u5f88\u7f8e\u6ee1\uff0c\u9884\u5907\u5352\u4e1a\u56de\u6765\uff0c\u6551\u6cbb\u8c61\u6211\u7236\u4eb2\u4f3c\u7684\u88ab\u8bef\u7684\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u75be\u82e6\uff0c\u6218\u4e89\u65f6\u5019\u4fbf\u53bb\u5f53\u519b\u533b\uff0c\u4e00\u9762\u53c8\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u56fd\u4eba\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7ef4\u65b0\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3002<\/span>
\nI dreamed a beautiful dream that on my return to China I would cure patients like my father, who had been wrongly treated, while if war broke out I would serve as an army doctor, at the same time strengthening my countrymen’s faith in reformation.<\/span>
\n\u6211\u5df2\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u6559\u6388\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u53c8\u6709\u4e86\u600e\u6837\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\u4e86\uff0c\u603b\u4e4b\u90a3\u65f6\u662f\u7528\u4e86\u7535\u5f71\uff0c\u6765\u663e\u793a\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u7684\u5f62\u72b6\u7684\uff0c<\/span>
\nI do not know what advanced methods are now used to reach microbiology, but at that time lantern slides were used to show the microbes;<\/span>
\n\u56e0\u6b64\u6709\u65f6\u8bb2\u4e49\u7684\u4e00\u6bb5\u843d\u5df2\u5b8c\uff0c\u800c\u65f6\u95f4\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u5230\uff0c\u6559\u5e08\u4fbf\u6620\u4e9b\u98ce\u666f\u6216\u65f6\u4e8b\u7684\u753b\u7247\u7ed9\u5b66\u751f\u770b\uff0c\u4ee5\u7528\u53bb\u8fd9\u591a\u4f59\u7684\u5149\u9634\u3002<\/span>
\nand if the lecture ended early, the instructor might show slides of natural scenery or news to fill up the time.<\/span>
\n\u5176\u65f6\u6b63\u5f53\u65e5\u4fc4\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u6218\u4e8b\u7684\u753b\u7247\u81ea\u7136\u4e5f\u5c31\u6bd4\u8f83\u7684\u591a\u4e86\uff0c\u6211\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bb2\u5802\u4e2d\uff0c\u4fbf\u987b\u5e38\u5e38\u968f\u559c\u6211\u90a3\u540c\u5b66\u4eec\u7684\u62cd\u624b\u548c\u559d\u91c7\u3002<\/span>
\nThis was during the Russo-Japanese War, so there were many war films, and I had to join in the clapping and cheering in the lecture hall along with the other students.<\/span>
\n\u6709\u4e00\u56de\uff0c\u6211\u7adf\u5728\u753b\u7247\u4e0a\u5ffd\u7136\u4f1a\u89c1\u6211\u4e45\u8fdd\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u4e86\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed1\u5728\u4e2d\u95f4\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u7ad9\u5728\u5de6\u53f3\uff0c<\/span>
\nIt was a long time since I had seen any compatriots, but one day I saw a film showing some Chinese, one of whom was bound, while many others stood around him.<\/span>
\n\u4e00\u6837\u662f\u5f3a\u58ee\u7684\u4f53\u683c\uff0c\u800c\u663e\u51fa\u9ebb\u6728\u7684\u795e\u60c5\u3002<\/span>
\nThey were all strong fellows but appeared completely apathetic.<\/span>
\n\u8fd9\u4e00\u5b66\u5e74\u6ca1\u6709\u5b8c\u6bd5\uff0c\u6211\u5df2\u7ecf\u5230\u4e86\u4e1c\u4eac\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ece\u90a3\u4e00\u56de\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4fbf\u89c9\u5f97\u533b\u5b66\u5e76\u975e\u4e00\u4ef6\u7d27\u8981\u4e8b\uff0c<\/span>
\nBefore the term was over I had left for Tokyo, because after this film I felt that medical science was not so important after all.<\/span>
\n\u51e1\u662f\u611a\u5f31\u7684\u56fd\u6c11\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u4f53\u683c\u5982\u4f55\u5065\u5168\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u8301\u58ee\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ea\u80fd\u505a\u6beb\u65e0\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u793a\u4f17\u7684\u6750\u6599\u548c\u770b\u5ba2\uff0c\u75c5\u6b7b\u591a\u5c11\u662f\u4e0d\u5fc5\u4ee5\u4e3a\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\tThe people of a weak and backward country, however strong and healthy they may be, can only serve to be made examples of, or to witness such futile spectacles; and it doesn’t really matter how many of them die of illness.<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t
\n<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u8bd1\u8def\u901a  \u65e5\u671f\uff1a2018\u5e7412\u67084\u65e5<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u5fc3\u8bd1\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5de5\u4f5c\u5ba4<\/a><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u82f1\u8bed\u7ffb\u8bd1<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u300a\u5450\u558a\u300b\u81ea\u5e8f Preface to \u201cCall to Arms\u201d (December 3, 1922) &nb […]","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6887","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-15"],"views":3412,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.xxyyfy.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6887"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.xxyyfy.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.xxyyfy.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.xxyyfy.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.xxyyfy.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=6887"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/www.xxyyfy.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6887\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.xxyyfy.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=6887"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.xxyyfy.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=6887"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.xxyyfy.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=6887"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}