{"id":3972,"date":"2017-09-29T20:53:26","date_gmt":"2017-09-29T12:53:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.xxyyfy.com\/?p=3972"},"modified":"2017-09-30T09:20:28","modified_gmt":"2017-09-30T01:20:28","slug":"%e7%94%9f%e6%80%81%e7%b3%bb%e7%bb%9f%e6%9c%8d%e5%8a%a1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.xxyyfy.com\/?p=3972","title":{"rendered":"\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u670d\u52a1"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\n\t       As is known to all, the services provided by the eco-systems are by nature of positive externality and typically belong to public goods. Moreover, the forests, wetlands and other natural resources that provide eco-services often don’t have clearly defined ownership rights and are chiefly owned by the public. As a result, it is very difficult to assess their values through market channels and compensate those who provide such services. Even in cases where the ownership rights are gradually being clarified, it is still hardly possible for the providers and beneficiaries of such services to be involved in market-based transactions, primarily due to information asymmetry and higher transactional costs resulted from the vast number of stakeholders (for instance, relationships between those inhabited respectively in the upper and lower reaches of river valleys).<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

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\n\t       The actual scenario is that the compensatory funds for eco-forests are often provided by the Central Government of the country at uniformed standards. Meanwhile, the local governments at some regions sometimes play the role of middlemen by charging certain amount of fees from the users of the natural resources (such as the water fees collected from the residents, or the profits handed in by water\/electricity-supplying businesses and etc.) and then transfer parts of these fees to the providers of such services as compensations. Eco-services are typically measured by the government on basis of availability of fiscal budgets, rather than on basis of the actual values of them.<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

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