{"id":10399,"date":"2020-07-28T09:16:50","date_gmt":"2020-07-28T01:16:50","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.xxyyfy.com\/?p=10399"},"modified":"2020-07-28T09:16:50","modified_gmt":"2020-07-28T01:16:50","slug":"%e6%88%98%e4%ba%89%e4%b8%8e%e5%92%8c%e5%b9%b3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.xxyyfy.com\/?p=10399","title":{"rendered":"\u6218\u4e89\u4e0e\u548c\u5e73"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n\n\t\t<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u5bfc\u8bed Introduction \u6218\u4e89\u4e0e\u548c\u5e73\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u6c38\u6052\u7684\u8bdd\u9898\u3002\u65e9\u5728\u91d1\u6208\u94c1\u7532\u7684\u53e4\u7f57\u9a6c\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u300a\u9053\u5fb7\u7ecf\u300b\u4fbf\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86 […]","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10399","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-13"],"views":2147,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.xxyyfy.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10399"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.xxyyfy.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.xxyyfy.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.xxyyfy.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.xxyyfy.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=10399"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/www.xxyyfy.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10399\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.xxyyfy.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=10399"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.xxyyfy.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=10399"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.xxyyfy.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=10399"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}

\n
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u5bfc\u8bed Introduction<\/span>
\n \u6218\u4e89\u4e0e\u548c\u5e73\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u6c38\u6052\u7684\u8bdd\u9898\u3002\u65e9\u5728\u91d1\u6208\u94c1\u7532\u7684\u53e4\u7f57\u9a6c\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u300a\u9053\u5fb7\u7ecf\u300b\u4fbf\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u65a9\u9489\u622a\u94c1\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\uff1a\u201c\u5e08\u4e4b\u6240\u5904\uff0c\u8346\u68d8\u751f\u7109\uff1b\u5927\u519b\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5fc5\u6709\u51f6\u5e74\u3002\u201d\u8001\u5b50\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a\u201c\u4ee5\u9053\u4f50\u4eba\u4e3b\u8005\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ee5\u5175\u5f3a\u5929\u4e0b\u3002\u5176\u4e8b\u597d\u8fdc\u3002\u201d <\/span>
\n War and peace are a never-ending topic for mankind. Back in the distant past when Rome was riddled with silver spears and armored horses, Tao Te Ching from the \u201cMiddle Kingdom\u201d had laid down a firm statement: \u201cWhere armies are, thorns and brambles grow. The raising of a great host is followed by a year of dearth.\u201d [1] Lao Tzu asserted that \u201cWhoever relies on the Tao in governing men doesn’t try to force issues or defeat enemies by force of arms. For every force there is a counterforce.\u201d [2]<\/span>
\n <\/span>
\n \u552f\u6709\u7231\u597d\u548c\u5e73\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u624d\u4f1a\u7f14\u9020\u548c\u5e73\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u3002\u53ef\u65f6\u81f3\u4eca\u65e5\uff0c\u6218\u4e89\u4f9d\u65e7\u662f\u60ac\u5728\u4eba\u7c7b\u6587\u660e\u4e4b\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u628a\u5229\u5251\u3002\u5982\u4f55\u8ba9\u548c\u5e73\u6c38\u9a7b\uff1f\u6216\u8bb8\u5230\u8be5\u6316\u6398\u4e2d\u56fd\u667a\u6167\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4e86\u3002<\/span>
\n Indeed, only with peaceful nations could an era of peace dawn. However, even today, war continues to be a sharp blade loosely hanging above human civilization. What can we do to station peace for good? Maybe it is time to dig into Chinese wisdom for an answer. <\/span>
\n\u76f8\u4fe1\u5c0f\u4f19\u4f34\u4eec\u90fd\u542c\u8bf4\u4e862020\u5e74\u7f8e\u4f0a\u5f00\u5e74\u5927\u620f\u3002\u7b80\u5355\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8001\u7f8e\u518d\u51fa\u72e0\u62db\uff0c\u52a8\u7528\u5148\u8fdb\u7684\u6b66\u5668\uff0c\u5728\u5f02\u56fd\u4ed6\u4e61\u79d8\u5bc6\u6740\u5bb3\u4e86\u4f0a\u6717\u9ad8\u7ea7\u5c06\u9886\u82cf\u83b1\u66fc\u5c3c\uff0c\u5f15\u53d1\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u8fde\u9501\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u4e0a\u767e\u6761\u65e0\u8f9c\u751f\u547d\u56e0\u6b64\u4e27\u5931\u3002\u8fd9\u8ba9\u6211\u60f3\u8d77\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u3002<\/span>
\n Dear reader, you must have heard all about the big drama staged between Iran and the US at the start of the new decade.  Simply put, the latter once again made a strike and slew Iranian general Qasem Soleimani in Iraq using advanced weaponry. This incident has led to a series of unfortunate consequences, including the loss of hundreds of innocent lives. I was reminded of an occurrence in ancient China.  <\/span>
\n \u6545\u4e8b\u91cc\u7684\u201c\u6363\u86cb\u9b3c\u201d\u662f\u8ddd\u4eca\u4e24\u5343\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u897f\u664b\uff0c\u800c\u201c\u5012\u9709\u86cb\u201d\u5219\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb\u4e1c\u5434\u7684\u653f\u6743\u3002<\/span>
\n In the incident that took place over two thousand years ago, the \u201ctroublemaker\u201d was the State of Western Jin and the \u201cvictim\u201d was a sovereignty called Eastern Wu.<\/span>
\n \u5434\u56fd\uff08\u516c\u5143222\u5e74\u2014280\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u4e09\u56fd\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4f4d\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e1c\u5357\u90e8\uff0c\u56fd\u53f7\u4e3a\u201c\u5434\u201d\uff0c\u5efa\u56fd\u4e4b\u4eba\u662f\u4e1c\u6c49\u672b\u5e74\u5272\u636e\u4e00\u65b9\u7684\u519b\u9600\u2014\u2014\u5b59\u6743\uff0c\u6545\u53f2\u5b66\u754c\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u5b59\u5434\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4e0e\u66f9\u9b4f\u3001\u8700\u6c49\u5448\u9f0e\u7acb\u4e4b\u52bf\uff0c\u6240\u7edf\u6cbb\u5730\u533a\u53c8\u5c45\u4e8e\u4e09\u56fd\u4e4b\u4e1c\uff0c\u6545\u4ea6\u79f0\u4e1c\u5434 \u3002<\/span>
\n The Kingdom of Wu (222-280 AD) was established in what is known today as southeast China by none other than Sun Zhongmou, a prominent warlord at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty. To historians, it is hence known as Sun Wu. Eastern Wu is another name given by its geographical status as the eastern counterpart of the Three Kingdoms, the other two being the Kingdoms of Wei and Shu Han.<\/span>
\n \u4e1c\u5434\u662f\u4e09\u56fd\u4e4b\u4e2d\u5386\u65f6\u6700\u4e45\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u5386\u56db\u5e1d\uff0c\u81ea\u516c\u5143222\u5e74\u5efa\u56fd\u7b97\u8d77\u517159\u5e74\u3002\u4e1c\u5434\u540e\u671f\uff0c\u5b59\u7693\u79f0\u5e1d\u3002\u4ed6\u751f\u6027\u66b4\u8650\uff0c\u8352\u6deb\u653e\u8361\uff0c\u6ee5\u6740\u65e0\u8f9c\uff0c\u81f4\u4f7f\u6c11\u4e0d\u804a\u751f\uff0c\u671d\u653f\u8150\u8d25\u3002<\/span>
\n Eastern Wu survived the longest of the trio and, through four kings, lasted 59 years if you count the time of state establishment in 222 AD. The last king, named Sun Yuanzong, was a man of cruelty, lust, and injustice. Thereby he caused great misery among the people and corruption in the court. <\/span>
\n \u4e1c\u5434\u540d\u5c06\u9646\u900a\u4e4b\u540e\u9646\u6297\uff0c\u667a\u52c7\u53cc\u5168\uff0c\u5e74\u7eaa\u8f7b\u8f7b\u5c31\u88ab\u4efb\u547d\u4e3a\u5efa\u6b66\u6821\u5c09\u3002\u770b\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u65e5\u6e10\u8870\u843d\uff0c\u4ed6\u611f\u5230\u5341\u5206\u75db\u5fc3\uff0c\u591a\u6b21\u4e0a\u758f\u529d\u8c0f\u3002\u4f46\u5b59\u7693\u5bf9\u6b64\u4e0d\u4e88\u7406\u4f1a\uff0c\u4f9d\u65e7\u6211\u884c\u6211\u7d20\u3002\u65f6\u9022\u664b\u56fd\u864e\u89c6\u7708\u7708\uff0c\u6b32\u5357\u4e0b\u4e00\u7edf\u4e2d\u56fd\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u9646\u6297\u8c0b\u7565\u8fc7\u4eba\uff0c\u5584\u4e8e\u7528\u5175\uff0c\u664b\u56fd\u59cb\u7ec8\u65e0\u6cd5\u5f97\u901e\u3002 <\/span>
\n Seeing such an inevitable downfall, the Minister of Defense Lu Youjie, son of leading general Lu Boyan and a young man of wisdom and bravery, felt so painfully worried that he sent up his words of advice many times to the king, who always kept a blind eye to those proposals and went about his ways as usual. It was at a time when the State of Western Jin unleashed its ambition and set out southward to unite the whole of China. Western Jin \u2019s covetous efforts, however, were thwarted over and over by the smart and skillful Minister of Eastern Wu.<\/span>
\n \u9547\u5b88\u8944\u9633\u8fb9\u5883\u5730\u533a\u7684\u664b\u8f66\u9a91\u5c06\u519b\u7f8a\u795c(k\u00f9) \u89c1\u9646\u6297\u80fd\u653b\u5584\u5b88\uff0c\u77e5\u9053\u8981\u7acb\u5373\u6253\u8d25\u4e1c\u5434\u5e76\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\uff0c\u4fbf\u6539\u53d8\u5bf9\u4e1c\u5434\u7684\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5411\u5176\u629b\u51fa\u4e86\u6a44\u6984\u679d\u3002\u9646\u6297\u660e\u767d\u7f8a\u795c\u7684\u7528\u610f\uff0c\u4fbf\u4e5f\u4ee5\u540c\u6837\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u76f8\u5f85\u3002\u5728\u8fb9\u5883\uff0c\u4e24\u4eba\u5e38\u6d3e\u4f7f\u8005\u5f80\u6765\uff0c\u4ee5\u793a\u53cb\u597d\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u5434\u3001\u664b\u90e8\u5206\u8fb9\u5883\u4e00\u5ea6\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u548c\u5e73\u5c40\u9762\u3002<\/span>
\n In Western Jin\u2019s army, the General of Chariots Yang Shuzi found Lu skilled in both attack and defense when he was stationed in the border area of Eastern Wu. He knew that an immediate defeat would be difficult. So he changed his strategy and extended an olive branch. Understanding what this meant, Lu reciprocated. At the border the two military leaders often sent messengers to each other showing good will. For a while peace seemed to be returning to some parts of the border between Eastern Wu and Western Jin.<\/span>
\n\u5434\u541b\u5b59\u7693\u542c\u8bf4\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5927\u611f\u4e0d\u60a6\uff0c\u4fbf\u6d3e\u4eba\u8d23\u95ee\u9646\u6297\u3002\u9646\u6297\u56de\u7b54\uff1a\u201c\u81e3\u4e0d\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u5f70\u5176\u5fb7\uff0c\u4e8e\u795c\u65e0\u4f24\u4e5f\u3002\u201d <\/span>
\n Upon hearing this, the King of Eastern Wu was very much displeased. He sent someone to question Lu, and the latter replied, \u201cI would have fanned up Yang’s authority and prestige in his army had I taken an aggressive approach.\u201d<\/span>
\n \u5b59\u7693\u542c\u540e\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ee5\u4e3a\u7136\uff0c\u4ecd\u60f3\u51fa\u5175\u653b\u664b\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u4fbf\u9891\u9891\u8c03\u5175\u3002<\/span>
\n Still desiring to attack Western Jin, the king paid no heed to what Lu had said. He ordered frequent military deployments.<\/span>
\n \u9646\u6297\u5f97\u77e5\u6b64\u4e8b\u540e\u4fbf\u53c8\u5411\u5b59\u7693\u4e0a\u758f\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u4eca\u4e0d\u52a1\u5bcc\u56fd\u5f3a\u5175\uff0c\u529b\u519c\u755c\u8c37\uff0c\u4f7f\u6587\u6b66\u4e4b\u624d\u6548\u5c55\u5176\u7528\uff0c\u767e\u63c6\u4e4b\u7f72\u65e0\u65f7\u53a5\u804c\u3002\u660e\u9edc\u965f\u4ee5\u5389\u5eb6\u5c39\uff0c\u5ba1\u5211\u8d4f\u4ee5\u793a\u529d\u6cae\uff0c\u8bad\u8bf8\u53f8\u4ee5\u5fb7\u3002\u800c\u629a\u767e\u59d3\u4ee5\u4ec1\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u987a\u5929\u4e58\u8fd0\uff0c\u5e2d\u5377\u5b87\u5185\uff0c\u800c\u542c\u8bf8\u5c06\u5f87\u540d\uff0c\u7a77\u5175\u9ee9\u6b66\uff0c\u52a8\u8d39\u4e07\u8ba1\uff0c\u58eb\u5352\u96d5\u7601\uff0c\u5bc7\u4e0d\u4e3a\u8870\uff0c\u800c\u6211\u5df2\u5927\u75c5\u77e3!\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u756a\u529d\u544a\u4e5f\u672a\u80fd\u4f7f\u5b59\u7693\u9192\u609f\u3002<\/span>
\n “Now the court should get a stronger hold of agriculture, secure food reserves, and strengthen state power.\u201d When he learned this, Lu sent his words of caution up to the king again. \u201cHave talented individuals work to their potential and officials at all levels not neglect their duties. Punish and reward rigorously to inspire all officials. Enforce criminal penalty with prudence as a warning to the common people.  If we continue to pursue an undeserved reputation, emphasize formalism, spend state revenue by tens of thousands of taels deploying military forces everywhere, and tire out our soldiers, we will go under even without an imminent threat of the enemy.\u201d Once again his substantial advice failed to wake the king up to reality.<\/span>
\n \u5982\u9646\u6297\u6240\u6599\uff0c\u4e1c\u5434\u56fd\u529b\u65e5\u6e10\u8870\u9000\u3002\u4ed6\u6b7b\u540e\uff0c\u664b\u519b\u4fbf\u6325\u5e08\u5357\u4e0b\uff0c\u8ba8\u4f10\u4e1c\u5434\uff0c\u5434\u56fd\u6700\u7ec8\u4e3a\u664b\u6240\u706d\u3002<\/span>
\n As Lu had predicated, the Kingdom of Eastern Wu was gradually declining. After the minister died, Western Jin charged south and conquered the kingdom.<\/span>
\n\u8bda\u7136\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u4e0d\u53ef\u5984\u52a0\u8bc4\u5224\u529f\u8fc7\uff0c\u4ea6\u4e0d\u53ef\u968f\u610f\u4e0e\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e4b\u4e8b\u753b\u7b49\u53f7\u3002\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u622a\u53d6\u4e00\u6bb5\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u653e\u5927\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u6559\u8bad\u3002<\/span>
\n History is not to be subjected to simple judgment, nor can it be willfully equated to any modern event. But it may be safe for us to dissect a small part, zoom in on it, and see if there are any lessons to learn.<\/span>
\n \u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u79d1\u6280\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u8d8b\u5411\u5927\u540c\uff0c\u5404\u56fd\u5229\u76ca\u7eb5\u6a2a\u4ea4\u8d2f\uff0c\u7275\u4e00\u53d1\u800c\u52a8\u5168\u8eab\u3002\u5434\u56fd\u7684\u60b2\u5267\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u4e0d\u613f\u6b63\u89c6\u81ea\u8eab\u987d\u75be\uff0c\u4e00\u5473\u604b\u6218\uff0c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u957f\u671f\u7684\u6218\u7565\u773c\u5149\u548c\u5927\u5c40\u610f\u8bc6\uff0c\u52bf\u5fc5\u4f1a\u5f15\u706b\u4e0a\u8eab\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u56fd\u8870\u6c11\u7a77\uff0c\u5f7b\u5e95\u57ae\u8d25\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u672c\u6770\u660e\u00b7\u5bcc\u5170\u514b\u6797\u4ee5\u7ecf\u5178\u897f\u65b9\u89c6\u89d2\u5199\u4e0b\u7684\u90a3\u53e5\u540d\u8a00\uff1a\u201c\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5728\u6218\u65f6\u507f\u4ed8\uff1b\u8fd9\u7b14\u8d26\u5355\u4e4b\u540e\u624d\u4f1a\u6765\u5230\u3002\u201d<\/span>
\n Nowadays, technological and economic advancements keep pushing the world toward a unity so compact that when one part gets irritated, the whole body is shaking up. The tragedy of Eastern Wu warns us that a total failure, one in which both the state and the people suffer, is bound to come when top leaders indulge in belligerence and refuse to address their own ills without a mind on long-term strategy and cooperation, as Benjamin Franklin echoed in a typically Western fashion, \u201cWars are not paid for in wartime; the bill comes later.\u201d<\/span>
\n[1] \u6797\u8bed\u5802\u8bd1 \/ Tr. by Lin Yutang<\/span>
\n[2] \u7c73\u5207\u5c14\u8bd1 \/ Tr. by Stephen Mitchell<\/span>
\n\uff08\u611f\u8c22\u6e05\u68a6smile\u4e3a\u672c\u6587\u63d0\u4f9b\u5386\u53f2\u7d20\u6750\u548c\u4e13\u4e1a\u89c1\u89e3\u3002\uff09<\/span>
\n(A million thanks to Crystal for providing historic references and professional insights as reflected herein.)<\/span>
\n\uff08\u6b22\u8fce\u5404\u754c\u670b\u53cb\u5bf9\u672c\u4e13\u680f\u63d0\u5b9d\u8d35\u610f\u89c1\u548c\u5efa\u8bae\uff01\uff09<\/span>
\n(Any comments or suggestions are welcome!)<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u80e1\u9756 \u65e5\u671f\uff1a2020\u5e741\u670820\u65e5<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u5fc3\u8bd1\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5de5\u4f5c\u5ba4<\/span><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u82f1\u8bed\u7ffb\u8bd1<\/span><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n